Because phase is a relative property, construction of a. This is especially the case when characterizing large convex telescope mirrors. In a binocular view these ghost images were plainly situated above and below the actual optical. Basic principles and applications of holography spie. The image is also cropped from the actual image due to its high resolution. Hologram is entitled, except to the extent prohibited by applicable law, to disclose any information or materials on or in the website or services, including your data, in holograms possession in connection with your use of the website or services, to 1 comply with applicable laws, legal process or governmental request, 2 enforce the. Firstever responsive ai hologram launched by vntana and. Applications of computergenerated holograms for interferometric measurement of large aspheric optics j. Fourier optics and computer generated hologram 3 computer generated holography is an optical numerical technique, which avoid the traditional light interference recording process by computer numerical calculation and record the hologram directly. Making holograms the easy way by fred unterseher, jeannene hansen and bob schlesinger, is rich in detail about how to produce all kinds of hologram on a limited budget. Computational highlight holography acm siggraph asia 2010. Thus, the hologram may take the form of a surface relief hologram, and may be mechanically generated, for example during moulding of the basic artificial eye lens.
Pdf computergenerated holography as a generic display. This paper presents the differential equation that governs the shape of the specular surfaces, and illustrates how solutions can be constructed for different kinds of motion, lighting, host surface geometries, and fabrication constraints, leading. Unlike a photograph, which records the square of the electric eld, a hologram contains both the amplitude and phase information from the image. When developed, the hologram consists of grooves on the surface. The original hologram is usually recorded on a photosensitive material called photoresist. Hologram should pass all this process in the case to satisfy quality requirements. Optical damage as a computer generated hologram recording. Here is the line hologram produced by the above phase function. Computer generated hologram cgh has an important advantage 5.
All mechanical and optical components are located in. Computational highlight holography converts threedimensional computer models into mechanical holograms fabricated on specular reflective or refractive materials. With this knowledge, the superposition of these waves at any point in space can be calculated to obtain the interference pattern required for the hologram. A diagram of the cnn hologram serrao, 2008 musion system company seamlessly integrated their 3d holographic display technology with ciscos telepresences system to create the worlds first real time virtual presentation musion system, 2009. Burge steward observatory mirrorlab, university of arizona tucson, arizona 85721 abstract interferometric optical testing using computer generated holograms cghs has proven to give highly accurate measurements of aspheric surfaces. The c ollimated plane wave is generated for the illumination, and the encoding process is conducted base d on an iterative approach between spatial space and reciprocal space. These computergenerated holograms or cghs are mappings of the complex amplitude magnitude and phase of light re. We used different lenses placed after a telescope to focus inside a solid 2.
There are several different types of holograms we can create from computer data. Then the lightrays are transformed into the wavefront with using the fourier transforms. A computer generated hologram or a cgh is a computed interference pattern of such 3d scene. Computergenerated holograms from the invention of the. Because cghs can control all aspects of the optical wave, threedimensional imagery can be presented to an audience. Computer generated holography cgh is the method of digitally generating holographic interference patterns. Then the use of more sophisticated devices capable of recording computer generated grey scale images was suggested for recording computer generated holograms and computer generated holograms that can reconstruction good quality grey scale images were produced 3,4. Make your own holographic pyramid show holographic images on your phone or tablet easlily materials. Acceleration of the calculation speed of computergenerated. A specular hologram combines a large number of such optical surfaces, all designed to conform to.
Pdf hologram generation of 3d objects using multiple. A fresnel hologram employs the fresnel diffraction or special filtering to propagating light by calculating the free space between the plane of the. Reconstructed images of these hologravures and also of computer assisted and handdrawn scratch holograms, synthesized by means of the same software were shown. After the lap was removed and the surface was cleaned, two clear ghost images of the absent lap were visible in full detail, in each of four abrasion test areas. Computational highlight holography acm siggraph asia. In this lab, you will create holographic images of synthetic objects. Holography 1 background the word hologram was coined from the greek word \holos which means whole, because the recorded hologram contains all the information of the image eld. In the first type, hogel images are generated by a camera placed on the viewing zone of the holographic stereogram. Acknowledgment the author of this paper would like to thank professor cardinal warde for providing the laboratory facilities for this experiment. In a binocular view these ghost images were plainly situated above and below the actual optical surface, an appearance. Electrically switchable optical vortex generated by a computergenerated hologram recorded in polymerdispersed liquid crystals y. Hologravure as a computergenerated and laser engraved.
Anywhere you look through a window you see whats on the other side. Using the software as an assistant, the scratch hologram could be first computer generated and then handdrawn, by using the set of computer generated templates as guides. Upon the proper recording, reconstruction, and viewing conditions, unlike the traditional 2d photography, the image appears to be 3d again. In computer generated hologram cgh calculations, a diffraction pattern needs to be calculated from all points of a 3d object, which requires a heavy computational cost. With luminit threedimensional computer generated holography, a predetermined image e. Reconstruction of a lohmann hologram using an optical bench and bicorn image captured by the camera. Unlike ordinary photographs, holograms record both phase and amplitude information. If a hologram breaks is the whole image visible in each piece. Library journalthis comprehensive book is a guide for nontechnical people who wish to create their own holograms.
The mathematics of holography is now well understood. The hologram does not need to be recalculated to see alternate outputs. Oct 31, 2016 acceleration of the calculation speed of computer generated holograms using the sparsity of the holographic fringe pattern for a 3d object. Osa calculation for computer generated hologram using.
We introduce a new algorithm for calculating computer generated hologram cgh using raysampling rs plane. It does not require the actual light and the actual. The theory behind holography is rather straightforward and based on the fact that information recorded in the emulsion of photographic or holographic film is caused by the intensity, not the phase, of the electromagnetic wave incident on the film. Hologram generation of 3d objects using multiple orthographic view images. Computergenerated holography avoids the interferometric recording step in conventional hologram formation. Holography holography mathematics proposed by dennis. Electrically switchable optical vortex generated by a. Optical reconstruction of computergenerated holograms 3d scenes. Computergenerated hologram how is computergenerated. The wave theory of light is utilized in computer generated holography to represent both the object and reference waves mathematically 3, 7. Techniques and applications iii, 6 2 higher diffraction efficiency 40% can be achieved by bleaching the hologram to convert it to a phase relief hologram. Heres how you can generate a 3d hologram with your smartphone. These holograms could be used for manipulation of an atomic beam, generation of optical phase singularities, realization of general nondiffracting beams.
Technological process of computer generated hologram manufacturing from design to mass production is presented. One of those beams is the reference beam and is shone directly onto the film. Rs plane is set at near the object and the lightrays emitted by the object are sampled at the plane. Thus the appropriate mould surface may be adapted, e. To get back the recorded information, the hologram is illuminated withthesamereferencebeamalone. Computer generated holograms printed on transparencies have also been. Nobel prize winner dennis gabor, holographys inventor, saw the film after it was made and said it was the. Luminit computer generated holograms allow viewers to see clear, crisp, and bright holographic images without the need of glasses or other special eyewear. The wavefront on the cgh plane is calculated by wavefront propagation simulation from rs plane. That way, you get two laser beams that are exactly the same.
Icnscet19 international conference on new scientific. Clear, crisp, bright image with computer generated. Creating a reflection hologram of a magnified object. Pdf invented in 1947 by dennis gabor, holographyfrom the greek holos, for wholeis a 3d display. Holography october, 2006 overview since the last writing 2002, many changes and improvements have been made during. Applications of computer generated holograms for interferometric measurement of large aspheric optics j. Essentially, there are three basic elements in holography. Make your own holographic pyramid show holographic images on. More secondary shims can be produced from the first one. Understand that making a hologram requires the recording of interference patterns. We performed the whole process of creating and reading holograms of a point particle in a virtual space by using computer simulations. One of the enduring scifi moments of the big screenr2d2 beaming a 3d image of princess leia into thin air in star warsis closer to. The hologram has recorded all the information that came from the object, i. The surface consists of small grooves with patches of paraboloids or hyperboloids, each of which produces a highlight when illuminated by a directional light.
These holograms are also known as volume holograms. No, each broken piece would let you see the image from its own unique perspective. Burge steward observatory mirrorlab, university of arizona tucson, arizona 85721 abstract interferometric optical testing using computergenerated holograms cghs has proven to give highly accurate measurements of aspheric surfaces. Fold it on the dotted lines you can mark it with a pen if needed. With changes in the angle of the viewing light on the same hologram, completely different scenes can be observed. Acknowledgment the author of this paper would like to thank professor cardinal warde for providing the. Computergenerated holograms cghs are diffractiveoptical elements that offer the possibility of creating waveoptical display systems that are under complete computer control. Inotherwords,theoriginalobjectwaveis reconstructed by illuminating the hologram with the reference wave as shown in figure 2. Firstever responsive ai hologram launched by vntana and satisfi labs partnership the industryfirst experience allows consumers to interact with a hologram concierge in realtime without the need. Acceleration of the calculation speed of computergenerated holograms using the sparsity of the holographic fringe pattern for a 3d object.
Create a 3d hologram with your smartphone using an old cd case, a knife,a ruler, a pen and paper and some sticky tape. Ribosomes read the genetic information and make whatever the cell needs. Clear plastic sheet, scissors or stylus and tape or glue. A visually striking image phenomenon has been noticed during mechanical abrasion of a plane nickel optical surface. Because cghs can control all aspects of the optical wave, threedimensional imagery can be presented to. Computer generated holograms cgh provide a more flexible process. This paper presents the differential equation that governs the shape of the specular surfaces, and illustrates how solutions can be constructed for different kinds of motion, lighting, host surface geometries, and fabrication constraints, leading to. In order to determine the image generated by a hologram when we shed some wave onto. A hologram is an interference recording of a 3d surface. The film is basically the same stuff as regular photo film.
We used a laser which shined through a beam expandercollimator a photographed cameras lens into the computer generated hologram. This film examines the process of holography, types of holograms, and the uses of the hologram for artistic and scientific purposes, as demonstrated by tung h. Holographic interferometry encompasses an entire discipline in mechanical. A layer of nickel is deposited on this hologram and then peeled off, resulting in a metallic shim. Holographic studios can transfer your 3d computer generated images into actual three dimensional holography displays. Aug 03, 2015 create a 3d hologram with your smartphone using an old cd case, a knife, a ruler, a pen and paper and some sticky tape. Imagine seeing your 3d images in true holographic 3d.
In computergenerated hologram cgh calculations, a diffraction pattern needs to be calculated from all points of a 3d object, which requires a heavy computational cost. Three types of hologram reflection hologram the object and reference beams are incident on the plate from opposite sides of the plate single beam the image is dimmer transmission hologram the object and reference beams are incident on the recording medium from the same side offaxis the image can be very deep rainbow hologram or benton hologram. A method of computergenerated hologram for the threedimensional 3d object based. This laser light strikes the hologram at the same angle that the reference beam struck the film during the exposure 2a. This concept has enormous potential for massive computer memories. To view the hologram, illuminate from the front and. Department of precision mechanical engineering, shanghai.
Holographic threedimensional imaging of terracotta. Applied sciences free fulltext progress in the synthetic. Holography modern physics lab, ucsd department of physics written by michael pollack theory. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Computergenerated holography cgh is the method of digitally generating holographic interference patterns. The beam is then split into two beams by a special lens. Clear, crisp, bright image with computer generated hologram cgh. With the single damage points characterized, using a mechanical shutter to select the number. Osa calculation for computer generated hologram using ray. Luo school of electrical and electronic engineering, nanyang technological university. The making of a computergenerated hologram features. One of the first gray scale computergenerated hologram left and an image reconstructed from a gray scale computergenerated hologram right, adopted from 4 2 in sect.
Virtuagram 2, launched last year see hn vol 21, no 2 is itself a variation on the virtuagrama 3d computergenerated hologram with 360degrees views of the virtual object generated using proprietary 3d software and exposed with an ebeam lithography system. We will read it in 4d space, since we dont need object beam the. Create a hologram using a java program the hologram construction kit also allows you to create your holographic object programmatically in java without any tools beyond a text editor. Essentially, the hologram is illuminated with light of the same wavelength that was used to make it. By tooling an spotilluminated surface to control the flow of specular glints under motion, one can produce holographic viewdependent imagery. Furthermore, we show the feasibility of the proposed method using simulations and optical re. The setup for 3d optical correlation based on binary computergenerated hologram. Holograms are made in darkened areas free from drafts, vibration, and noise. Testing large optical elements can require the use of largesize cghs. Generation and replication of computer generated hologram. The wavefront on the cgh plane is calculated by wavefront propagation. Holography 1 holography introduction and background the aesthetic appeal and commercial usefulness of holography are both related to the ability of a hologram to store a threedimensional image.
1113 904 886 1165 205 327 979 499 1086 1631 1238 728 146 606 281 834 262 489 801 888 377 381 519 853 3 602 384 484 1003 1642 235 1213 1102 998 200 1136 269 1030 1381 83 907 350 412